【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforPreparationofInsulatingPaperandBoardImpregnatedwithaLiquidDielectric
【原文标准名称】:浸透液态电介质的纸及纸板绝缘性电制备的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD2413-1999(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1999
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D09.19
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:board;dielectricstrength;dissipationfactor;drying;impulsestrength;oilimpregnation;paperpermittivity;pressboard;vacuumdrying;Dielectricbreakdownvoltage;Electricalinsulatingpaper/paperboard;Electricalproperties;Impregnateddie
【摘要】:DissipationFactorandRelativePermittivity8212;Knowledgeofthesepropertiesisimportantinthedesignofelectricalequipmentsuchascables,transformers,insulators,etc.Thenumericalproductofthesetwopropertiesofadielectricsystemisproportionaltotheenergylossconvertedtoheat,andiscalleditslossindex(seeTerminologyD1711).Theenergylossreducestheefficiencyofelectricalequipment.Theheatproducedtendstochemicallydegradethedielectricmaterialandmayevenleadtothermalrunaway.Testresultsofimpregnatedspecimenscandisclosesignificantdifferencesbetweencombinationsofpapersandoilsthatappearsimilarwhenthepapersandtheoilsaretestedseparately.Dissipationfactor,particularlyatelevatedtemperatures,isoftenchangedsignificantlybythepresenceofasmallquantityofimpuritiesineithertheliquidorthepaper.Thispracticeisusefulinthecomparisonofmaterialsandinevaluatingtheeffectsofdifferentpapersonagivenliquid.Judiciousanalysisofresultswithrespecttotime,temperature,andfieldstrengthshouldbeusefulinpredictingtheperformanceandcapabilitiesofsystemsusingthepaperandtheliquid.Foradditionalinformationonthesignificanceofdissipationfactorandrelativepermittivity,seeTestMethodsD150.TestMethodforDielectricBreakdownVoltageandDielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterialsatCommercialPowerFrequencies:Acomprehensivediscussionofthesignificanceofthedielectricstrengthtestasappliedtosolid,semi-solid,andliquidmaterialsisgiveninAppendixX1ofTestMethodD149.Otherfactorspeculiartohigh-qualitycompositeinsulations,suchasoil-impregnatedpapers,areconsideredinthefollowing:Intestsinvolvinghighelectricalstresses,immersionofcriticalpartsofatestcircuitinoilisawidelyusedtechniqueforinhibitingcorona.However,ithaslimitationsthatmustberecognizedwhenusingthesubmergedelectrodeoptionofthispractice(Note1).Attackonthepaperbycoronageneratedinthesurroundingfluidatelectrodeedgescanoccurwhetherthefluidisairoroil.Coronaoccursatconsiderablyhighervoltagesinoilthaninair.Thickanddensepapersaremorelikelytocausedischarge-initiatedbreakdowns.Forinterpretationofbreakdownmeasurementsthenumberofedgebreakdowns,implyingdischarge-initiatedbreakdowns,shouldbeconsidered.Note18212;Twotechniquesareinuseintheindustryfortestingspecimensfordielectricbreakdownvoltage.Inone,thetestismadewiththeelectrodesandtestspecimensubmergedintheimpregnatingliquidwhileintheothertheelectrodesarenotsubmerged,thatis,thespecimenistestedinair.Muchdatahasbeenaccumulatedusingthelattertechnique.Thesetechniquesyielddifferentvaluesofbreakdownvoltage.TestMethodD149statespreferencefortestingmaterialsinthemediuminwhichtheyareused.Theuseofsubmergedelectrodesfollowsthispreference.Whentestingthickinsulatingboards,theuseofsubmergedelectrodesisgreatlypreferred.Theresultsofpowerfrequencytestsonoilimpregnatedpapersareusefulforscreening,research,andqualitycontrol,providedthatconsiderablejudgmentisexercisedininterpretingtheresults.Theapplicationofthetestresultstoequipmentdesignandservicerequiresparticu........
【中国标准分类号】:K15
【国际标准分类号】:29_035_10
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Jewelsforfinemechanics;watchjewels,flat
【原文标准名称】:精密仪器用宝石.第1部分:扁平式手表宝石
【标准号】:DIN8257-1-1987
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1987-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:红宝石;尺寸;形状;浅;钟表机芯;钟表宝石;圆柱形;孔;直径;尺寸公差;材料;公差;表;表用宝石
【英文主题词】:shape;cylindricalshape;watches;shallow;watchjewels;diameter;tolerances(measurement);holes;dimensionaltolerances;materials;ruby;dimensions;horologicaljewels;clockmovements
【摘要】:Thisstandardreferstoflatjewelsforuseinmovementsforwatches.
【中国标准分类号】:Y11;D58
【国际标准分类号】:39_040_00
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:德语